The View from Where I Sit

Tag: hans chiari

  • Julius Arnold

    Julius Arnold (1835-1915) was a German pathologist.

    His name is affiliated with Type II Chiari malformation (Arnold–Chiari malformation).

    With a primary interest in pathology and anatomy, Arnold made contributions in a number of areas, including the anatomy associated with gunshot wounds (1870).

    Biography
    Born 19 August 1835 Zurich, Germany
    Son to German anatomist Freidrich Arnold (1803-1890)
    Studied under Rudolf Virchow and Nikolaus Freidrich in Heidelberg
    Later became Professor of Anatomy at Heidelberg
    Died 3 February 1915


    Medical associations
    Arnold–Chiari malformation (1894) – Type II Chiari malformation associated with myelomeningocele
    Friedrich-Erb-Arnold syndrome [aka Uehlinger syndrome; Pachydermoperiostosis or primary hypertropic osteoarthropathy] Characterized by pachydermia (thickening of the facial skin and/or scalp); digital clubbing; and periostosis (swelling of periarticular tissue).


    Key Medical Attributions:
    In 1894 Arnold described his pathological post-mortem findings of an infant with herniation of the cerebellar tonsils and 4th ventricle through the foramen magnum. The infant also had spina bifida. The similarities between this and the findings of Hans Chiari lead to this being named the ‘Arnold-Chiari Malformation‘. Alternatively known as Chiari malformation II.
    The findings Chiari had previously described involved brainstem herniation with associated spina bifida. However, the infant in that case had associated hydrocephalus, which was not the case with Arnold’s findings.

    https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julius_Arnold

    https://litfl.com/julius-arnold/

  • Hans Chiari

    Hans Chiari (1851-1916) was an Austrian pathologist. He is named after and affiliated with the Chiari malformations; Type II Chiari malformation (Arnold–Chiari malformation) and Budd–Chiari syndrome (1899).

    Biography
    Born November 4, 1851 in Vienna, Austria
    Studied medicine in Vienna and worked as an assistant at the Vienna Institute of Pathology under Karl Rokitansky (1804–1878)
    1875 – Graduated medical school from the Unviersity of Vienna
    1878 – Habilitated in pathological anatomy in Vienna
    1882 – Professor extraordinarius of pathology at the German University in Prague
    1883 – Appointed professor ordinarius and superintendent of the pathological-anatomical museum in Prague
    1906 – Commenced as professor ordinarius at the University of Strasbourg
    Died May 6, 1916 in Strasbourg following a throat infection

    Hans Chiari published a case series of three patients with hepatic vein thrombosis, and a literature review of seven additional patients. He named the disease ‘phlebitis obliterans‘, and postulated that the thrombosis was a complication of endo-phlebitis likely from syphilis. Lange postulated an inflammatory process in hepatic vein thrombosis prior, in 1886.

    Chiari published across a wide range of pathology, including malformations of the brainstem and cerebellum, hepatic vein thrombosis, aortooesophageal fistula, choriocarcinoma, carotid artery plaques and thrombosis, autodigestion of the pancreas, and connections between the eustachian and thebesian heart valves.

    Pathology of showed congested and necrotic livers, porto-mesenteric circulation congestion, large volume ascites, and minimal adventitial reaction without perivascular involvement on histology. Chiari provided the first clinical and pathological correlations of this syndrome.

    Chiari malformations – abnormalities of the brain stem and cerebellum identified by Chiari on post-mortems. Type 1 (1891) – peg-like elongation of the cerebellar tonsils into the spinal canal through the foramen magnum; Type 2 aka Arnold Chiari malformation and Type 3 and 4.

    Chiari network – mobile net-like connections between the valve of the coronary sinus and the valve of the inferior vena cava. An anatomical variant, usually of no clinical significance.

    https://litfl.com/hans-chiari/